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Petra is an ancient city the capital of Edom then the capital of the Nabataean kingdom. Sami Nabatei called their city Rqm. Located on the territory of modern Jordan at an altitude of more than 900 m above sea level and 660 m above the surrounding terrain the valley of Arava in the narrow canyon Sik.
The passage to the valley is through the gorges located in the north and south whereas from the east and west cliffs precipitate precipitously forming natural walls up to 60 m in height. Not far from Petra there is the rock temple of Ad-Dair and the grave of Aaron .
Petra was located at the crossroads of two important trade routes one connected the Red Sea with Damascus the other the Persian Gulf with Gaza off the Mediterranean coast. Departed from the Persian Gulf caravans laden with precious spices weeks had to bravely endure the harsh conditions of the Arabian desert until they reached the coolness of the narrow canyon Sik leading to the long-awaited Peter. There travelers found food shelter and cool life-giving water. Another major center of the Nabataeans was Hegra.
For hundreds of years trade has brought great wealth to Petra. But when the Romans opened the sea routes to the East, the land trade in spices came to naught and Petra gradually became empty lost in the sands. Many of the buildings of Petra were erected in different epochs and under different masters of the city including the Idumeans Nabataeans Romans Byzantines and Arabs . In the XII century They were owned by the Crusaders.
The first of the Europeans of modern times Peter saw and described the incognito traveled Swiss Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. Near the ancient theater you can see the building of the era of the Edomites or Nabataeans. Monuments built after the VI century Almost no for at that time the city had already lost its significance. At the end of the 20th century Petra became the most popular tourist attraction in Jordan. In 2007 she was elected one of the new seven wonders of the world.
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